Preferential Binding of MyoD-E12 versus Myogenin-E12 to the Murine Sarcoma Virus Enhancer in Vitro

Phosphorylation inhibits the DNA-binding activity of MyoD homodimers but not MyoD-E12 heterodimers.

MyoD is a member of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of muscle gene regulatory proteins that includes myogenin, myf-5, and MRF4. These proteins have been shown to heterodimerize with E2A bHLH proteins, E12/E47, and to bind to a consensus sequence known as an E-box, CANNTG, the target for transcriptional activation by these myogenic regulators. MyoD is also a phosphorylated nuclear prote...

Analysis of the inhibition of MyoD activity by ITF-2B and full-length E12/E47.

MyoD heterodimerizes with E type factors (E12/E47 and ITF-2A/ITF-2B) and binds E box sequences within promoters of muscle-specific genes. In transient transfection assays, MyoD activates transcription in the presence of ITF-2A but not ITF-2B, which contains a 182-amino acid N-terminal extension. The first 83 amino acids of the inhibitory N terminus of ITF-2B show high sequence homology to the N...

MyoD and Myogenin

Substitution of basic amino acids in the basic region stabilizes DNA binding by E12 homodimers.

The E2A gene encodes two alternatively spliced products, E12 and E47. The two proteins differ in their basic helix-loop-helix motifs (bHLH), responsible for DNA binding and dimerization. Although both E12 and E47 can bind to DNA as heterodimers with tissue-specific bHLH proteins, E12 binds to DNA poorly as homodimers. An inhibitory domain in E12 has previously been found to prevent E12 homodime...

Characterisation of E12/E47 expression in colorectal cancer

Background In the Western world colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality, and the second most common cancer in women and the third in men. Identification of prognostic markers capable of predicting patient response to chemotherapy is essential to determine more personalised and efficient treatment strategies in colorectal cancer, and may help identify novel the...